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Mass Energy Equivalence Mass Energy Equivalence :- From his special theory of relativity, Einstein showed that it is necessary to treat mass as another form of energy. According to this theory mass can be converted into energy and vice-versa. Mass Energy Equivalence relation(equation) :- If rest mass of an object is m, then Einstein…
Size of Nucleus Size of Nucleus As a measure of size of nucleus Geiger and Marsden(on Rutherford’s suggestion) performed α-particles scattering experiment on thin gold foils to find the distance of closest approach of the α-particles to the nucleus. They used α-particle of kinetic energy about 5.5 MeV and using principle of the conservation…
Isotopes and Isobars Isotopes and Isobars :- Mass spectrometer is a device which is used for accurate measurement of atomic masses. From this device it was found that there exist some atoms of the same element, which exhibit the same chemical properties, but differ in mass. Such atomic species of the same element differing…
Discovery of Neutron Discovery of Neutron :- Rutherford had discovered the nucleus in 1911, and had observed the proton in 1919. However, it seemed there must be something in the nucleus in addition to protons as there exist some atoms of the same element, which exhibit the same chemical properties, but differ in mass(called…
Composition of Nucleus After the discovery of nucleus in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford, several hypothesis were given to explain the composition of nucleus. The most prominent among them were :- Proton-Electron hypothesis Proton-Neutron hypothesis Proton-Electron hypothesis (1930) (Composition of Nucleus) The study of radioactive disintegration indicated the emission of alpha, beta(fast moving electrons) and gamma…
Electron Volt is the unit of ? Electron Volt (eV) Electron Volt is the unit of Energy One electron volt is the energy gained by an electron, when it is accelerated through a potential difference of 1 volt. Relation between electron volt(eV) and joule(J) We know that…. Electric Potential = Work Done / charge…
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What is atomic mass unit(a.m.u.) ? What is atomic mass unit :- The unit in which atomic and nuclear masses are measured is called atomic mass unit (a.m.u.). For the study of nuclear phenomena, it is very essential to measure the masses of elements accurately. Now the masses of atoms are very small, for example,…
Photoelectric cell in Hindi प्रकाश विद्युत सेल (Photoelectric cell in Hindi) प्रकाश विद्युत सेल एक इलेक्ट्रॉनिक उपकरण है जो प्रकाश ऊर्जा को विद्युत ऊर्जा में परिवर्तित करता है। इसे electric eye या फोटो ट्यूब(photo tube) भी कहा जाता है। सिद्धांत प्रकाश विद्युत सेल, प्रकाश विद्युत प्रभाव के सिद्धांत पर काम करती है। रचना प्रकाश…
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प्रकाश का कणिका स्वभाव (फोटॉन) फोटॉन :- प्रकाश विद्युत प्रभाव अर्थात उपयुक्त आवृत्ति की विकिरण के आपतन पर धातु की सतह से इलेक्ट्रॉनों का उत्सर्जन, इस तथ्य को स्थापित करता है कि प्रकाश जब पदार्थ के संपर्क में आता है तो ऐसे व्यवहार करता है जैसे कि यह क्वांटा (ऊर्जा के पैकेट) से बना होता…
Nuclear Physics Introduction to Nuclear Physics Nuclear Physics :- In the year 1911, Rutherford discovered(by his α-particle scattering experiment on thin gold foils) that, in every atom, the positive charge and mass are densely concentrated at the center of the atom called “nucleus“. Rutherford established that mass of the nucleus is more than 99.9% of…
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