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Electric Displacement Vector Electric Displacement Vector :- We have already obtained the electric field inside a dielectric slab as : where (E), (σ) and (σP) are the magnitudes of the electric field, free surface charge density and induced surface charge density, respectively. Now, to express this scalar equation in vector form, let us choose…
Differential Form of Gauss Law Differential Form of Gauss Law :- The Differential Form of Gauss’s Law is the local (point-by-point) version of Gauss’s law. Instead of relating the total electric flux through a closed surface to the total enclosed charge, it relates the divergence of the electric field at a point to the…
Stationary Waves In A Stretched String Stationary Waves In A Stretched String :- Stationary waves are commonly produced in stretched strings of musical instruments such as guitars, violins, and sitars, where the reflected wave combines with the incident wave to form fixed vibration patterns. Consider a string of length l stretched under tension T between two…
Difference Between Progressive Wave And Stationary Waves Difference between progressive wave and stationary waves :- Progressive waves and stationary waves are two important types of waves in physics. Although both are produced due to vibrations, they differ in their nature, formation, and properties. The following are the main differences between progressive waves and stationary…
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Stationary Waves | What Are Stationary Waves | Standing Waves Stationary Waves | What Are Stationary Waves :- When two coherent waves with equal frequency and amplitude move in opposite directions through the same medium and overlap, they form a resultant wave that does not travel forward or backward. This type of wave is…
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Relation Between Path Difference And Phase Difference | Relation Between Path Difference, Phase Difference & Time Difference Relation Between Path Difference And Phase Difference | Relation Between Path Difference, Phase Difference & Time Difference :- When two waves travel through a medium, they may reach a given point at different times or after traveling…
Equation of a Plane Progressive Wave Equation of a Plane Progressive Wave :- A plane progressive wave is a wave that travels through a medium in a fixed direction, transferring energy without permanently displacing the particles. In this wave, each particle of the medium executes simple harmonic motion (SHM) about its equilibrium position with…
A Wave Pulse | What Is A Wave Pulse A Wave Pulse | What Is A Wave Pulse :- A wave pulse is a single disturbance that travels through a medium due to the vibration of its particles, and ideally it retains its shape as it propagates. If you hold a rope and give…
Group Velocity Group Velocity :- When a single sinusoidal wave travels, it has one frequency and one wavelength, and it stretches infinitely in space. But real waves (like light pulses, water wave bursts, or matter waves) usually travel as wave packets, formed by the superposition of many waves of slightly different frequencies. Such a…
Differential Equation of A Wave Motion Differential Equation of A Wave Motion :- To study wave motion quantitatively and predict its behavior, we use a mathematical relation known as the differential equation of wave motion. This equation forms the backbone of wave theory. Consider a plane progressive wave travelling in the positive x-direction with…