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Magnetic Susceptibility

Magnetic susceptibility is the property of a material that determines how easily it will be magnetized when placed in an external magnetising field (H). When a magnetic material is placed in a magnetising field (H), a magnetic dipole moment (M) starts getting induced in that material.

The total magnetic moment produced per unit volume of the material, i.e. the intensity of magnetization I, is directly proportional to the magnetising field H, hence

$\displaystyle I\propto H$

$\displaystyle \Rightarrow I={{\chi }_{m}}H$ …..(1)

Here χ_m (pronounced “kai”) is a constant of proportionality called the magnetic susceptibility of the material.

From equation (1),

$\displaystyle {{\chi }_{m}}=\frac{I}{H}$ …..(2)

That is, the ratio of intensity of magnetisation (I) and magnetising field (H) in a material is called magnetic susceptibility (χ_m). Since I and H have the same units, hence χ_m is a dimensionless, unitless, scalar physical quantity.

Magnetic Susceptibility

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