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Achromatic aberration Achromatic aberration :- An achromatic lens or achromat is a lens or combination of lens that is designed to limit the effects of chromatic aberration. Achromatic lenses bring two wavelengths (typically red and blue) into focus on the same plane. Case I :- When lenses are in contact with each others (Achromatic aberration) Consider two…
Aberration of Lens Chromatic Aberration (Aberration of Lens) Aberration of Lens :- The inability of a lens to form the white image of a white object is called chromatic aberration. Image of a white object is colored and blurred because the focal length of a lens depends upon the refractive index of the material of…
Electric field Intensity due to a uniformly charged ring Electric field Intensity due to a uniformly charged ring can be evaluated at two points, one at its Centre and other at a point on its axis. Case i :- Electric field Intensity due to a uniformly charged ring at its Centre Here by symmetry…
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Mass Energy Equivalence Mass Energy Equivalence :- From his special theory of relativity, Einstein showed that it is necessary to treat mass as another form of energy. According to this theory mass can be converted into energy and vice-versa. Mass Energy Equivalence relation(equation) :- If rest mass of an object is m, then Einstein…
Size of Nucleus Size of Nucleus As a measure of size of nucleus Geiger and Marsden(on Rutherford’s suggestion) performed α-particles scattering experiment on thin gold foils to find the distance of closest approach of the α-particles to the nucleus. They used α-particle of kinetic energy about 5.5 MeV and using principle of the conservation…
Isotopes and Isobars Isotopes and Isobars :- Mass spectrometer is a device which is used for accurate measurement of atomic masses. From this device it was found that there exist some atoms of the same element, which exhibit the same chemical properties, but differ in mass. Such atomic species of the same element differing…
Discovery of Neutron Discovery of Neutron :- Rutherford had discovered the nucleus in 1911, and had observed the proton in 1919. However, it seemed there must be something in the nucleus in addition to protons as there exist some atoms of the same element, which exhibit the same chemical properties, but differ in mass(called…
Composition of Nucleus After the discovery of nucleus in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford, several hypothesis were given to explain the composition of nucleus. The most prominent among them were :- Proton-Electron hypothesis Proton-Neutron hypothesis Proton-Electron hypothesis (1930) (Composition of Nucleus) The study of radioactive disintegration indicated the emission of alpha, beta(fast moving electrons) and gamma…
Electron Volt is the unit of ? Electron Volt (eV) Electron Volt is the unit of Energy One electron volt is the energy gained by an electron, when it is accelerated through a potential difference of 1 volt. Relation between electron volt(eV) and joule(J) We know that…. Electric Potential = Work Done / charge…
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What is atomic mass unit(a.m.u.) ? What is atomic mass unit :- The unit in which atomic and nuclear masses are measured is called atomic mass unit (a.m.u.). For the study of nuclear phenomena, it is very essential to measure the masses of elements accurately. Now the masses of atoms are very small, for example,…