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Lens makers formula Lens maker’s formula Lens makers formula :- Lens maker’s formula is the relation between the focal length of a lens, the refractive index of its material and the radii of curvature of its two surfaces. It is used by lens manufacturers to make the lenses of particular power from the glass…
Lens Lens :- A lens is a piece of transparent material with two refracting surfaces such that at least one is curved and refractive index of its material is different from that of the surroundings. Types of lens :- The two main types of lenses are Convex Lens (Converging) Concave Lens (Diverging) …
Spherical Refracting Surface Spherical Refracting Surface :- A refracting surface which forms a part of a sphere of transparent refracting material is called a spherical refracting surface. These are of two types :- (i) Convex spherical refracting surface which is convex towards rarer medium side and (ii) Concave spherical refracting surface which is…
Total Internal Reflection What is Total Internal Reflection? When light travels from an optically denser medium to a rarer medium at the interface, it is partly reflected back into the same medium and partly refracted to the second medium. This reflection is called the internal reflection. We know that when a ray of light…
Refraction of light Refraction of light:- When a ray of light enters from one medium to another transparent medium, a part of the light gets reflected back in the first medium while the remaining part enters the transparent medium. This remaining part, which enters the other medium, changes its direction of propagation at…
Mirror Formula Mirror Formula :- Below figure shows the ray diagram of image formation by concave mirror considering three rays. It shows the image A′B′ (real in this case) of an object AB. In the above figure only three rays emanating from the point A are shown but actually an infinite number…
Relation between focal length and radius of curvature (f = R/2) Relation between focal length and radius of curvature :- Let C be the center of curvature of the mirror. Consider a ray parallel to the principal axis striking the mirror at M. Then CM will be perpendicular to the mirror at…
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Image formed by plane mirror is ? Image formed by Plane Mirror :- The image formed by plane mirror is always virtual, upright, and of the same shape and size as the object. The image behind the mirror is called a virtual image because it cannot be projected onto a screen—the rays only appear to…
Image formed by convex mirror (Image formation by spherical mirror) Since focus(F) in a convex mirror and center of curvature(C) are located behind the mirror, so the object can have only two positions, one at an infinite distance and the other between the pole and infinity of the mirror. (a) When the object…
Image formation by concave mirror (Image formation by spherical mirror) To determine the position, nature and size of the image formed by a spherical mirror, it is necessary to consider the two rays of light coming from the object. For this, a ray parallel to the principal axis coming from the object to…